# Quote — Richard E. Leakey, The Origin Of Humankind

> In order to be able to deceive intentionally, an animal must have a sense of how its actions appear to another individual. Such an ability requires self-awareness.

- Author: [Richard E. Leakey](https://www.leafyquotes.com/richard-e-leakey.md)
- Book: [The Origin Of Humankind](https://www.leafyquotes.com/richard-e-leakey/the-origin-of-humankind.md)
- Source: [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Richard_Leakey#The_Origin_of_Humankind_(1994)) ([CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/))
- Quote page: https://www.leafyquotes.com/richard-e-leakey/the-origin-of-humankind/in-order-to-be-able