Richard has long been determined to reverse the decline of English control over Ireland. To that end, he has… — Dan Jones

Richard has long been determined to reverse the decline of English control over Ireland. To that end, he has already visited, during the winter of 1394–95, when he took several thousand troops on a tour from Waterford to Drogheda, via Dublin. He satisfied himself on the basis of one brief visit that he now understood all Ireland’s problems.‡

In a letter to his council on that occasion Richard explained that there were three types of Irishman: “Irish savages, Irish rebels, and the obedient English.” Solving the Irish question, he had concluded, was simply a matter of reconciling all three to his own command, hearing their promises of fidelity, then sending over the most willing of his English friends to deputize for him in his absence. For some reason this policy has failed; Richard’s return in 1399 is his attempt to reboot it.

‡ This remains a common English delusion.

p. 49Source: Wikiquote · CC BY-SA 4.0