# The Virtue of Selfishness - Author: [Ayn Rand](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand.md) - Quotes: 25 - Book page: https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness ## Quotes > When a man declares: "There are no blacks and whites [in morality]" he is making a psychological confession, and what he means is: "I am unwilling to be wholly good—and please don't regard me as wholly evil!" [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/when-a-man.md) > Observe, in politics, that the term extremism has become a synonym of "evil," regardless of the content of the issue (the evil is not what you are extreme about, but that you are "extreme"—i.e., consistent). [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/observe-in-politics.md) > The moral cannibalism of all hedonist and altruist doctrines lies in the premise that the happiness of one man necessitates the injury of another. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/the-moral-cannibalism.md) > Individual rights are not subject to a public vote; a majority has no right to vote away the rights of a minority; the political function of rights is precisely to protect minorities from oppression by majorities (and the smallest minority on earth is the individual). [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/individual-rights-are-not.md) > A genius is a genius, regardless of the number of morons who belong to the same race—and a moron is a moron, regardless of the number of geniuses who share his racial origin. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/a-genius-is-a-genius.md) > Individual rights are the means of subordinating society to moral law. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/individual-rights-are.md) > Capitalism is the only system where such men are free to function and where progress is accompanied, not by forced privations, but by a constant rise in the general level of prosperity, of consumption and of enjoyment of life. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/capitalism-is-the.md) > Since only an individual man can possess rights, the expression “individual rights” is a redundancy (which one has to use for purposes of clarification in today's intellectual chaos). But the expression “collective rights” is a contradiction in terms. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/since-only-an-individual.md) > Any group or “collective,” large or small, is only a number of individuals. A group can have no rights other than the rights of its individual members. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/any-group-or-collective.md) > Racism is the lowest, most crudely primitive form of collectivism.  It is the notion of ascribing moral, social or political significance to a man's genetic lineage—the notion that a man's intellectual and characterological traits are produced and transmitted by his internal body chemistry.  Which means, in practice, that a man is to be judged, not by his own character and actions, but by the characters and actions of a collective of ancestors. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/racism-is-the.md) > Errors of knowledge are not breaches of morality; no proper moral code can demand infallibility or omniscience. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/errors-of-knowledge.md) > When one observes the nightmare of the desperate efforts made by hundreds of thousands of people struggling to escape from the socialized countries of Europe, to escape over barbed-wire fences, under machine-gun fire—one can no longer believe that socialism, in any of its forms, is motivated by benevolence and by the desire to achieve men's welfare. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/when-one-observes.md) > Ask yourself why totalitarian dictatorships find it necessary to pour money and effort into propaganda for their own helpless, chained, gagged slaves, who have no means of protest or defense. The answer is that even the humblest peasant or the lowest savage would rise in blind rebellion, were he to realize that he is being immolated, not to some incomprehensible noble purpose, but to plain, naked human evil. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/ask-yourself-why.md) > The skyline of New York is a monument of a splendor that no pyramids or palaces will ever equal or approach. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/the-skyline-of-new.md) > When you consider socialism, do not fool yourself about its nature. Remember that there is no such dichotomy as “human rights” versus “property rights.” No human rights can exist without property rights. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/when-you-consider.md) > The moral precept to adopt...is: Judge, and be prepared to be judged. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/the-moral-precept.md) > All the reasons which made the initiation of physical force evil, make the retaliatory use of physical force a moral imperative. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/all-the-reasons.md) > Since there is no such entity as ‘the public,’ since the public is merely a number of individuals, any claimed or implied conflict of ‘the public interest’ with private interests means that the interests of some men are to be sacrificed to the interests and wishes of others. Since the concept is so conveniently undefinable, its use rests only on any given gang's ability to proclaim that ‘The public, c’est moi’—and to maintain the claim at the point of a gun. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/since-there-is-no-such.md) > Man's rights can be violated only by the use of physical force. It is only by means of physical force that one man can deprive another of his life, or enslave him, or rob him, or prevent him from pursuing his own goals, or compel him to act against his own rational judgment. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/mans-rights-can.md) > The only proper, moral purpose of a government is to protect man's rights, which means: to protect him from physical violence—to protect his right to his own life, to his own liberty, to his own property and to the pursuit of his own happiness. Without property rights, no other rights are possible. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/the-only-proper.md) > When I say “capitalism,” I mean a full, pure, uncontrolled, unregulated laissez-faire capitalism—with a separation of state and economics, in the same way and for the same reasons as the separation of state and church. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/when-i-say.md) > Poverty, ignorance, illness and other problems of that kind are not metaphysical emergencies. By the metaphysical nature of man and of existence, man has to maintain his life by his own effort; the values he needs—such as wealth or knowledge—are not given to him automatically, as a gift of nature, but have to be discovered and achieved by his own thinking and work. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/poverty-ignorance-illness.md) > Neither life nor happiness can be achieved by the pursuit of irrational whims. Just as man is free to attempt to survive by any random means, as a parasite, a moocher or a looter, but not free to succeed at it beyond the range of the moment—so he is free to seek his happiness in any irrational fraud, any whim, any delusion, any mindless escape from reality, but not free to succeed at it beyond the range of the moment nor to escape the consequences. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/neither-life-nor.md) > Man is the only living species that has the power to act as his own destroyer—and that is the way he has acted through most of his history. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/man-is-the.md) > The men who attempt to survive, not by means of reason, but by means of force, are attempting to survive by the method of animals. [Quote page](https://www.leafyquotes.com/ayn-rand/the-virtue-of-selfishness/the-men-who.md)